Litter Training Your Rabbit

Most of my customers purchase bunnies as indoor pets that they hope to let freely roam in a designated "bunny room," a small area of the home, or entirely free-roam.  Aside from bunny-proofing cords and furniture, the biggest challenge is likely litter training, and I receive many questions on this topic from new bunny owners. 
Litter training a rabbit IS possible but requires patience and the understanding that spaying/neutering is usually necessary to complete litter training and that you should still expect to find rogue poo balls scattered about (but most bunny poops are dry - think ground up grass in dried ball form - and easy to clean).

Amakunft large rabbit litter box with plastic grate.

The first step is to get a cage, exercise pen, or other way to contain your bunny when you're not home.  Make sure the cage is low enough to the floor that your bunny can either hop in and out or use a ramp.  For the Prevue Hendryx cage pictured above, I had to engineer a ramp that attached to the door when open so my Holland Lop, Ruby, could come and go when the door was open.  Don't worry, the ramp was not made of wide wire as you see above, it was wooden with grips.   

Next, get a litter box for the cage.  My favorite is the Ware JUMBO Lock-n-Litter pan that attaches to the cage side and has the handy grate to keep your bunny's tush Charmin-clean.  Use a thin layer of absorbent material in the bottom.  Yesterday's News is excellent and can be ordered on Amazon, but Carefresh Natural is also effective and compostable.  Place the litter pan in the corner where your bunny likes to do his/her business.  Some people place the bunny's hay in the box or on the cage wall over the litter box as bunnies often eat and relieve themselves at the same time.  Your bunny should soon use the litter pan for most potty breaks, especially #1.  You'll likely find quite a few #2 poo balls rolling around the cage bottom like billiard balls.   

As you allow your bunny to begin to exit the cage and roam around, keep the space small and make sure to have a litter pan (with some of his/her poo balls in it) close by.  Do not allow your bunny to have any more space to explore until it consistently uses the litter pan in that room or by returning to the cage to use the bathroom.  A baby gate can help to keep your bunny's space small at first.  Keep in mind that even the most experienced litter-box-trained bunnies drop poo balls here and there - especially when they get excited or someone scares the poo out of them!   

The above photos are from my customer, Beth, who has an adorable black Holland Lop buck named Batman.  After having Batman for about three months, she is confident to let him roam freely in the rooms where the family is present.  Batman returns to his cage to go to the bathroom (except for a few rogue escapee poo balls) and even gets along with the dogs, though these interactions are supervised.  Batman has a special hiding place in a grass tunnel on a shelf, where he hops to feel secure.  

Another customer, Doug B., has owned bunnies for years and is pretty much a pro at potty training bunnies and treating them like royalty!  His new blue bunny named Samson is already using the litter box most of the time and is slowly being introduced to his Dutch bunny friend, Tronic (who is fixed).  These lucky bunnies have their own room in the house and are allowed to explore the house when their owners are home! 

Doug offered some terrific tips for litter training rabbits: 

1. Place the litter box in a corner of the cage or enclosure.
2. If the bunny urinates outside the box, wipe it with a paper towel if possible and place in the litter box (pictured above, right).
3. Don't clean the litter box completely for the first few weeks.  Start with 1/2 new litter and increase slowly until you are thoroughly cleaning the litter box after the bunny is using the litter box well.  Smelling the soiled litter when beginning litter training will help your bunny know where to go.
4. Be open to moving the litter box to a different corner if your bunny changes his/her corner preference.
5. Sweep up the poo balls daily and place these in the litter box.  Eventually, your bunny should get better at doing most #2 in the litter box, but don't expect perfection!  There WILL be scattered poop on your floor, but it's mostly dried and ranks quite low on the "gross scale" when it comes to poop.   
   

Doug's advice is greatly appreciated...and so is his adorable bunny.  Can you find Samson on this blanket?  :)

So, if you are faced with the task of litter training a bunny, don't despair!  IT IS POSSIBLE, but it takes time, patience, and perseverance.  If things don't go well at first, be creative in finding a solution, but DoN't GiVe Up!  Thank you to my wonderful customers for their pictures and feedback about potty training rabbits! 

*February 2021 Update:
Years ago, I switched my entire herd to solid floor condos and have litter trained all of my bunnies and continue to litter train my baby bunnies as soon as they hop out of their nest boxes.  Most of them use their litter boxes to urinate nearly 100% of the time, but the poop is a different story.  Part of the issue is that I have about eight un-neutered and un-spayed rabbits housed in close proximity, so I believe some of the poop trails are for territory-marking.  Based on what my customers say, the poop doesn't get more sparse until spaying/neutering, so I just keep a wet/dry vacuum handy and suck up the dry poo balls twice a day.  I then dump the vacuum canister into a bucket every few days and use the manure as garden fertilizer (it's great stuff!).  The smell is very minimal compared to traditional cages with collection trays, though I do clean their litter boxes daily.  Hint: a cheap plastic putty knife/spatula works wonders for scraping litter boxes so they can be cleaned in the sink and not clog your drain!

Overall, litter training was easier than I imagined for most of my rabbits (adults and babies alike), but there are a few who challenge me, so I have added one or two extra litter boxes to some of the rabbits' enclosures.  I also didn't allow my bunnies to have access to the second floor of their bunny condo until they were litter trained on the first floor.  My favorite litter boxes are the Amakunft large rabbit litter box with plastic grate and the Ware Jumbo Scatterless Lock 'n Litter pans, though many people choose large high-walled cat style litter boxes.  Bunnies love to dig, so a litter box without a grate can be quite messy for your floor and your bunny digging in his/her waste.  If you're crafty, you can create a DIY plastic or metal grate for any litter box, just make sure your grate spacing is large enough for poo balls to fall through. 

The rabbit condos pictured above are Bunny Villas from KW Cages.  They come with one, two, three, or even four floors, but I wouldn't recommend more than three unless you're at least six feet tall.  :)